Asmat community views life into
three parts. The first part is the living world or Asmat ow capinmi, the second
part is a haven of people who have died and have not entered the eternal
resting place in safar –paradise, called dampu ow capinmi. The spirits that
live in dampu capinmi ow is the cause of disease, suffering, earthquakes, and
war. People who are still alive must redeem these spirits by making parties and
engravings as well as give it a name so that they can get into the realm of
Safar, who is the ultimate goal, the third part of the life of the Asmat.
Apart from being the ultimate goal of life of the Asmat, Safar is also believed to be the place of origin of the spirits of the baby. Babies are initially entered through jiwi jof, the door through which they entered this world. Having grown up and then die, then they will be through Jamir jof, is a path to the end of the world. Children born through jiwi jof is the embodiment of the people who have died. They are the new private named yuwus, which means "name" for the person who is the spirit of personal Asmat. By naming an engraving, means spirit and the personal into the carvings. Thus, it is a personal engraving. On the basis of trust in the spirit of ancestors who had settled in dampu ow capinmi, then the wowipits -- engraver-- hands move to follow the instinct to create a masterpiece that causes Asmat sculpture became very illustrious. One thing that is worthy of scrutiny, that the engraver of the Asmat community has presented a work of art without a motive. Asmat motif carvings have been fused in the mind of the sculptor.
As for basic materials and equipment carving gained by utilizing natural products that have been around the neighbourhood. The basic ingredients and equipment grew slowly carve through two phases. First, fumirian phase is the phase when the carver expressed through action aesthetic carve on wood media with equipment animal bones, carving worth cult according to legend Fumiripits. Fumirian phase lasts for prehistory and ending when the area is open to the dynamic interactive Asmat beginning with the outside world. The engraver is very understated, independently without the intimidating conditions of the interests of others. Context carvings contain values taboo, the subject is male, not female, as well as adults, not young people. Fumirian traditions are slowly but surely changing more or less intensive in the late sixties decade in coastal areas and in the early decades of the seventies to mid eighties in rural areas.
Selection of basic materials carving is very important, because it influences the results of carving. Information from Kampung Jani Leo Bini-Botarpes on the stairs March, 21st 2009 stated that, in ancestral times, a common raw material is –beech wood -- to juam os os os –fo forest wood -- neighbour wood-- sur / toaper os os ci –milkwood-- --boat wood-- a selection of materials with the said tree species is a policy that is supported by all the local knowledge about the nature of the tree carver. This tree species has its own advantages, during the growing trees have a high water content and fibre that is soft, sculpting technical ease with the equipment available at the time. Another advantage is, engraving can survive in a relatively long time -- treatment done. Wood fibres initially watery and mushy after going through the process of natural fermentate will experience shrinkage overtime change, the possibility of accelerated weathering and wood-destroying insect disturbances is relatively small.
Second phase postfumiran, is the stage when the sculptor reveals the aesthetic value and declare their own existence by using materials and tools that do not Kult. Chisel that artists began to leave the old tradition. Therefore has been involved regularly and continuously in the dynamics of global changes occurring, this postfimirian phase, marked by the onslaught of the old traditions, including ways of thinking and motivation that drove the creation of works of sculpture Asmat. Selection of wood as a raw material manufacture Asmat carving can already be chosen freely by the carver, even –the buyer often based on consumer demand. Some types of wood that are usually used to make carvings in postfumirian phase include: wood fitting -Wooden iron or merbau, wood pit --pit, gempol, matoa, and lingua. While the tool is used is much higher quality because of the shape and size vary widely as well as the basic material of iron and steel.
Classification Motif Carving Asmat
When an art lover staring motif carved panels work of sculptors from the region Bismam, Kenok, Becbamu, Shaphan, Joerat, and Shimei, he would be fascinated because strokes sculpture smooth, immaculate, beautifully accompanied by a variety of detail and character chic and artistic objects. This admiration is not going to get an answer more fundamental than the lover of art to understand the hidden meaning behind the sculpture motif. Scars are visible on the surface is shaped motif of lines, circles and unique variations. Behind the sculpture real motif engraved in the very message that describes the relationship between man and man, man and nature, and man with the spirit world.
Generally motif carvings Asmat, can be divided into four groups, although in each respective group sculptured motif can not be separated from each other. The combination of four motif carving varied capable tells a story about the life of the universe in accordance imagination of the sculptor. As for the form view is always consistent with the main theme as well as the background of the problems faced in the surrounding environment where the artist lived. Four motifs carved into it was (1) of human motives, (2) animal motifs, (3) the motives of plants and (4) the motives of celestial objects. In detail, each of the basic motif of the carving can be explained as follows.
Human motives.
Human motives is the basic form of engraving inspired by the human figure. Engraver believes their stratum in view of cosmology, that the man placed in the highest position, as the subject of life. Confidence Asmat community for generations in conjunction with ancestors in the spirit world, that every human being has a natural form of duplicates in there. Is the belief, that in addition to the self-similar shapes human being undergo real life on this earth, then there is also the same figure in the wild there, the figure referred to actively influence the dynamics of human life on earth. Dynamic situations of life, especially the experience of pain, healthy, natural disasters, and other successes are the result of changes situation other beings in the spirit realm. The classification of elements spirit is divided into two parts sculpturing as a basic human motifs carved.
First, wow Echo –sculpture spirit of the dead. Is the basic form of human carvings chiselled complete as possible covering all the tools of the physical body that looked human? The carving motifs are usually equipped with the name of a relative who has passed away, settled in Asmat ow capinmi -in the nature of death. Engraving is intentionally created with the goal of relatives who have passed away may enter into Safar -paradise, while relatives left behind can continue living peacefully.
Second, the motive ndat / kamor -- the spirit that lives in the natural death-- is the basic motive of human carving carved on wood media by selecting certain body parts as a basis in accordance with the functions and role of organ selected to achieve a life expectancy then conveyed to the source Mystery --The Life. Engraver believes, that every body part has its own spirit and can stand alone. Engraving that human body parts are affected circumstances directly related to the function and role of human organs in your personal life, as well as its role as a community member. The look and size of human body parts were carved in the wood media showed extreme circumstances, positive and negative meaning to the life of a private or shared. Carving artist hope, spirit with the said body part a way out or support to a better direction for the artist or their community. Suppose sculpting hands or fingers of a human hand, is an expression of hope for a helping hands of others --between man, nature, and soul-- to the hardship experienced. Likewise, the motif of the human body other carved anticipatory action against the crisis of life associated with the role and function of body parts carved. Parts of the body commonly carved are:
1) Manamok -eyes, is the basic Asmat motif carvings shaped eyes replica carved on wood panel board. The eye is the "lamp of the body" that illuminate the world about human life, as well as tell a lot about the fact outside himself. Mata guiding the individual to perform or otherwise ignore anything for the survival. Without eye calamity anything can happen, either good luck or otherwise experience a loss threat to human life itself. Implicitly, this motif gives an overview of personal and community situational Asmat people of ability dreamy an arena, through the boundaries of space and time. Scars chisel-shaped eyes that in general, we know him as the lamp of the body, but for the Asmat people, it is a symbol of the ability to see the real world and the world of their dreams. --Eye size construction and real eyebrows-- more clearly inform the light of what the capability of a person or a community Asmat see or look at something around themselves and the world. This means that in human life Asmat anticipatory attitude toward life experience dynamic dreamy corner of life that is not visible or analyze threats, challenges, opportunities and strengths in order to arrange their future life.
2) Janmak --ear wow, is the basic motif implicitly Asmat carvings illustrate that in the arena of life as the state when a carver experiencing special circumstances is pleased with the sensitivity to accept the reality of life around through sounds or sounds of nature outside of himself. Large or small size replica ear carved providing data and an overview of how much power received from the listener function. The situation is depicted is the emotional atmosphere or personality of the engraver itself, but in the specific context eg ancestor sculptures created for the celebration of a special ritual, usually ambiguous. On the one hand engraver was "incarnate" themselves into carving it, but on the other hand, they convey the message or information about the circumstances related to the subject of hearing community.
3) Bua --mouth, is the basic motif Asmat carvings shaped replicas of the human mouth. The mouth is the "door" exit and entry of something to meet the needs for the sake of human survival. With the intake and output anything from the mouth of a good quality, then the quality of personal life and the surrounding environment is also good for sure. Thus the Asmat people express concepts and views it through the motif mouth as affirmation purpose of heart and mind.
4) Jaimwow --ribs bone, is the basic motif Asmat sculpture which give a symbolic equality and protection consequences in social life. In the physiological structure of the human skeleton, ribs clear layout is between waist and armpits. The existence of the position of the ribs have identified human duty to pay attention to the aspect of solidarity, protection, monitoring, and of course the main value is the aspect which is the focus of leadership. This means that attention or the expectations that would be determined through the motif of this Asmat is how one becomes a leader both for themselves and others by continuing to uphold the dignity of others by accepting others as part of yourself and protect it from various forms of threats and challenges.
5) Bokoper --navel, is the basic motif Asmat carvings round or full circle, the circle into smaller and tend to form a point. Literally, wow bokoper Asmat language dialects came from ethnic sub-Joerat, each "bokoper" means navel/center and "wow" which means engraving. Bokoper wow is the basic motif resembling a navel ring symbolic that explains about the human relationship with the spirit world. Symbolically this motif as an expression of recognition to focus on the concept of the origin or source of life. Factual separation between a person with the spirit world who lived before birth into the world to do when cutting the umbilical cord -- separation baby with the placenta. That relationship though has been disconnected, but spiritual correspondences it stays there until the end of human life. This is logical Asmat human effort in revealing the concept of thinking, to preserve the personal relationship between the duplicates in the spirit realm. Bokoper wow among Asmat motifs carved detail is an expression of the clarification of the relationship one with another world that greatly affect their lives. Sickness, health, success and all the atmosphere that people experience is a reflection of the human condition duplicate themselves in the spirit world.
6) Ceman –penis wow, wow ceman literally comes from the Asmat sub-ethnic dialects Joerat, each "ceman" means penis and "wow" means carving. Ceman wow is the basic motif carved in the form of duplication Asmat human male genitalia. Functionally expressed fertility genitals of a man, description expectation of good offspring at the same picture of the attitudes and personal traits, which lead to the symptoms of the pathology attitude --homo sex, hyper sex, narcissism. Is a picture of the average member community or individuals about sexual behaviour that is not normal.
7) Cen wow - vagina, literally cen wow comes from the Asmat sub-ethnic dialects Joerat, "cen" means the vagina or the female genitals, "wow" means carving. Cen wow is a fundamental human motive Asmat carvings by mimicking the female genitals, as a symbol of fertility meaning, not pornography. For a carver, carving cen expect wow means good offspring on the one hand, on the other hand is a symptom of pathology attitude.
8) Mban --hand wow, wow mban literally comes from the Asmat sub-ethnic dialects Joerat, "mban" means hand and "wow" means carving. Generally referred to mban wow is the basic motive of human Asmat carvings as an expression of the duplication of the hands or fingers. Functionally hand more of a role as the giver and the recipient something to and from other parties. With this basic motif perpetuation, indeed the Asmat people are expecting figure Asmat community leaders and citizens who have qualities as a waiter or a dealer thanks to the Almighty God of every person.
9) Bee --foot wow, wow bee literally, comes from the Asmat sub-ethnic dialects Joerat, "bee" meaning foot and "wow" means carving. Bee wow is the motif Asmat human-shaped legs. This motif illustrates their expectations of the value of loyalty in bringing people from one point to another point of presence.
motif Animals
In addition to basic human motive, the Asmat people also use certain body --Parts totem of some types of animals according to local beliefs have magical powers, influence the process of winning, individually or jee safety mbapan bizarre group of clan or ow samat --kampong. This motif shows that community Asmat have a dependency relationship in particular also due to certain animal species and inspire all the typical characteristics of the beast.
The understanding that the animal has a causal functional relationship with the human world in the eyes of the Asmat is a statement of the existence of impunity and to others as an expression of attitude invites to reflect on other parties in the arrangement life. That is, that the behaviour of certain animal mimics a typical existence, in turn, can benefit mankind. In general, this is an important attitude in dealing with various life crises. Totem as one of the motif serves to build up power in accordance with the main characteristics of the said animal beings. Anticipatory attitude, ability to shoot targets even in the darkness, agility, strength, etc. are some of the typical characteristics of animals that become inspirational material in wood carving Asmat people. Basic motives include: Pana wow –tusks engrave or shells, wow Okon ufir --motif bird's beak-Taun Taun, waorat consonant wow --elbow gulls, amer --snake wow, wow vasi asuk - caterpillar, tar ef wow --bat.
Plants Motif
Plant as one living creature believed Asmat community has the spirit and
specific properties. Plants started from seed, the spirit of turning it into a
bud, growing into a tree, stand firm or spread naturally as part of the overall
lush forest, provide shade for other plants in the vicinity. Procession
development of various plants, reflecting the existential with the consequences
of the sacrifice and victory. Humans so small, live in the centre of the
universe are very spacious, self-defence in order to then establish descent.
Humans are always in a crisis situation, the distress that requires effort,
painstaking, tenacious to get out of the situation referred. Escape from a
crisis situation is mutlah effort was done as a survival strategy. The strength
of spirit to develop various types of plants, so that the said plant species
can be part of other plants and fruit in its time. With the said reasons, the
engraver select few characters of plants as the basic motif.
Some plant motifs that appear graver as the motif is: ucuw Tamo --root banyan tree wow, wow sibokon --fern. Banyan root sculpture patterned multi Tamo have inspirational value. As artwork beautiful motif and can also be touched, value authority insration, sturdiness, shelter, greatness in the lives of individuals and groups. Through these values Asmat younger generation educated human being has the character of leadership in solidarity, both for myself and others, not in favour of self-interest. Through this motif is also human Asmat carvings are expected to have a sense of responsibility towards the interests and safety of others in the surrounding environment, including animals and plants.
Motif sibokon wow --fern give inpirasi of courage in taking the battle for life. This plant is good, always spread and reach out to other plants, it can even cover the surface of the vacant land. This type of wood boat in the hamlet that had grown up look green like a rod, not because of lush leaves, but is covered by ferns. Sap or fluid intake ferns become good strength for an attempt to explore the world around. A positive value fern motif is to teach courage to venture to live and enjoy life without the inflicted losses to the other party.
Sky Motif Objects
Reach engraver creativity does not stop and is bounded by the neighbourhoods
above the earth's surface. Creativity it soared into the sky the limit, the
objects are always visible in the sky. There are at least three basic motif of
celestial bodies in sculpture, jo cenam –the sun, pears -moon, and the temple /
bawar --star. Sun has hot properties on the one hand, as well as a torch in
the other. The sun can burn, can also change darkness into light, like night
and day. Symbolic meaning contained in the sun motif is, expectations of the
leadership figures that can encourage, motivate them to achieve a common goal.
Strong motivation is like the warm rays of the sun, reflected light, knowledge,
wisdom, virtue to human safety Asmat. The sun is the source of all sources of
life, je Ashmit, who is the Greatest. This view can we align well with the
concept of god in the culture of Egypt, Greece, India, or the concept of title
for God in the teachings of Christianity. Carving out the sun motif is
tantamount to expecting an atmosphere full of life motivation, encouragement inflames the soul to arrive at the invention of the light beam of renewal.
Without sunlight, without lighting the mind and soul of social dynamics
impossible.
Second, wow --moon pear motif, as one of the objects in the solar system. In customary Asmat month expressed as a beautiful woman who reflects the light of clear, cool, elegance, peace to all beings on earth. Wow pear motive was the hope of the nature beautiful engraver, giving knowledge soothing, friendly, smiling, adaptive to the dynamics of life.
Third, the star motif. The start position is too far from the surface of the earth, the solar system sized star wide negligible. In traditional Asmat likened child star who always gave victory in the battle of life. Stars give direction and hope in humans. Asmat human being born on earth must fulfil their duty as a director and a giver of hope for families and society. Star luminous at night, as if lightning beam that gives direction in the human journey. Asmat human figures in constant need, clan members, who can inspire, be a role model for those around him. That the community will always be born successor as leader to become the director and bookmarks, guarantee the safety of all citizens, without any limit, like stars shining in the night time.
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